The Sutra of Amitayus (无量寿经) is the longer of the two Sukhavativyuha sutras and the doctrinal foundation of Pure Land Buddhism; it tells the story of Dharmakara Bodhisattva's 48 Vows — the act of will that became Amitabha Buddha and his Pure Land.
The Sutra of Amitayus — also called the Larger Sukhavativyuha — is the longest and most doctrinally rich of the three Pure Land sutras, together with the Amitabha Sutra and the Contemplation Sutra. Where the Amitabha Sutra (already in the Cihang library) is a short, liturgically chanted text, the Sutra of Amitayus is its expansive theological companion: it tells the full origin story of Amitabha's Pure Land through the vows of the monk Dharmakara, who became Amitabha Buddha.
The 48 Vows are this sutra's heart. Each vow follows the formula: 'If, when I attain Buddhahood, [such-and-such condition in my land fails to hold], may I not attain perfect enlightenment.' The 18th Vow — that even ten sincere recitations of Amitabha's name will secure rebirth — became the practical cornerstone of the Pure Land school across China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
Cihang presents only the 48 Vows excerpt. This sutra is very long (two fascicles); including the full text on a single page would not serve practitioners.
Guanyin appears briefly among the bodhisattvas at assembly — she is not a central figure here. For Guanyin's iconic description in the Pure Land context, see the Contemplation Sutra's 9th Visualization.
Sutra of Amitayus
The Sutra of Amitayus is the doctrinal foundation of Pure Land Buddhism, containing Dharmakara Bodhisattva's 48 Vows. This page presents the 48 Vows (四十八願) in full Chinese — the sutra's signature passage.
shè wǒ dé fó … (Vows 1–8)
設我得佛,國有地獄、餓鬼、畜生者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天壽終之後復更三惡道者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天不悉真金色者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天形色不同有好醜者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天不悉識宿命,下至知百千億那由他諸劫事者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天不得天眼,下至見百千億那由他諸佛國者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天不得天耳,下至聞百千億那由他諸佛所說不悉受持者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天不得見他心智,下至知百千億那由他諸佛國中眾生心念者,不取正覺。
Vows 1–8: Dharmakara vows that his Pure Land will be free of the three lower realms (hells, hungry ghosts, animals); that beings born there will not fall back; that all will share the same golden color and same form; that they will recall past lives; that they will have the divine eye, divine ear, and mind-reading ability.
shè wǒ dé fó … (Vows 9–16)
設我得佛,國中人天不得神足於一念頃,下至不能超過百千億那由他諸佛國者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天若起想念貪計身者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天不住定聚必至滅度者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,光明有能限量,下至不照百千億那由他諸佛國者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,壽命有能限量,下至百千億那由他劫者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中聲聞有能計量,乃至三千大千世界眾生緣覺於百千劫悉共計挍知其數者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天壽命無能限量——除其本願脩短自在——若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天乃至聞有不善名者,不取正覺。
Vows 9–16: Dharmakara vows that beings will have divine speed to visit all Buddha-lands in a single thought; that no one will cling to a sense of self; that all will be assured of reaching nirvana; that his light will be limitless; that his lifespan will be limitless; that his shravaka assembly will be beyond counting; that each being's lifespan will be immeasurable (save by their own wish); and that no evil name will ever be heard in that land.
shè wǒ dé fó … (Vows 17–24)
設我得佛,十方世界無量諸佛不悉咨嗟稱我名者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,十方眾生至心信樂欲生我國,乃至十念,若不生者,不取正覺,唯除五逆、誹謗正法。 設我得佛,十方眾生發菩提心修諸功德,至心發願欲生我國,臨壽終時,假令不與大眾圍遶現其人前者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,十方眾生聞我名號、係念我國,殖諸德本、至心迴向欲生我國,不果遂者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天不悉成滿三十二大人相者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,他方佛土諸菩薩眾來生我國,究竟必至一生補處——除其本願自在所化,為眾生故,被弘誓鎧,積累德本度脫一切;遊諸佛國修菩薩行,供養十方諸佛如來;開化恒沙無量眾生,使立無上正真之道;超出常倫諸地之行,現前修習普賢之德——若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中菩薩承佛神力供養諸佛,一食之頃不能遍至無量無數億那由他諸佛國者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中菩薩在諸佛前現其德本,諸所求欲供養之具若不如意者,不取正覺。
Vows 17–24: All Buddhas of the ten directions will praise Amitabha's name; anyone who sincerely aspires to be born in the Pure Land with even ten recitations will succeed (excepting the five grave offenses and slander of Dharma) — the 18th Vow, the most celebrated; Amitabha will appear at the deathbed of those who aspire to his land; those who hear his name and sincerely dedicate merit will attain rebirth; all beings in the Pure Land will possess the 32 marks of a great person; bodhisattvas from other lands will reach the stage of one more birth before Buddhahood; bodhisattvas will be able to supply offerings to all Buddhas in one mealtime.
shè wǒ dé fó … (Vows 25–32)
設我得佛,國中菩薩不能演說一切智者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中菩薩不得金剛那羅延身者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人、天、一切萬物嚴淨光麗,形色殊特,窮微極妙,無能稱量。其諸眾生乃至逮得天眼,有能明了辨其名數者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中菩薩乃至少功德者,不能知見其道場樹無量光色高四百萬里者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中菩薩若受讀經法,諷誦持說而不得辯才智慧者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中菩薩智慧辯才若可限量者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國土清淨,皆悉照見十方一切無量無數不可思議諸佛世界,猶如明鏡覩其面像;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,自地以上至于虛空,宮殿、樓觀、池流、華樹——國土所有一切萬物——皆以無量雜寶百千種香而共合成,嚴飾奇妙超諸人天,其香普薰十方世界,菩薩聞者皆修佛行;若不爾者,不取正覺。
Vows 25–32: All bodhisattvas will be able to expound omniscient wisdom; they will have the indestructible vajra body; all things in the Pure Land will be immeasurably glorious; even the least meritorious bodhisattva will behold the bodhi tree's measureless light; all who receive and study the Dharma will attain eloquence and wisdom; their wisdom will be limitless; the Pure Land itself will reflect all Buddha-worlds like a clear mirror; and all palaces, pools, and trees will be formed of countless jewels and fragrances, whose scent pervades the ten directions inspiring the bodhisattva path.
shè wǒ dé fó … (Vows 33–40)
設我得佛,十方無量不可思議諸佛世界眾生之類,蒙我光明觸其體者,身心柔軟超過人天;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,十方無量不可思議諸佛世界眾生之類,聞我名字不得菩薩無生法忍、諸深總持者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,十方無量不可思議諸佛世界,其有女人聞我名字,歡喜信樂,發菩提心,厭惡女身,壽終之後復為女像者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,十方無量不可思議諸佛世界,諸菩薩眾聞我名字,壽終之後常修梵行至成佛道;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,十方無量不可思議諸佛世界,諸天人民聞我名字,五體投地稽首作禮,歡喜信樂修菩薩行,諸天世人莫不致敬;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天欲得衣服隨念即至,如佛所讚應法妙服自然在身;若有裁縫、染治、浣濯者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中人天所受快樂不如漏盡比丘者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中菩薩隨意欲見十方無量嚴淨佛土,應時如願,於寶樹中皆悉照見,猶如明鏡覩其面像;若不爾者,不取正覺。
Vows 33–40: Anyone throughout the ten directions touched by Amitabha's light will become gentle in body and mind; all who hear his name will attain the dharani of non-arising; any woman who sincerely aspires and resolves to be born there will not be reborn as a woman; bodhisattvas who hear his name will always practice brahmacharya; all who hear his name and pay homage will receive universal respect; clothing in the Pure Land will appear at the moment of wish; the bliss of beings there will exceed even that of the āsrava-free monks; and bodhisattvas will be able to see all Pure Lands in the jewel trees as in a mirror.
shè wǒ dé fó … (Vows 41–48)
設我得佛,他方國土諸菩薩眾聞我名字,至于得佛,諸根缺陋不具足者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,他方國土諸菩薩眾聞我名字,皆悉逮得清淨解脫三昧,住是三昧一發意頃,供養無量不可思議諸佛世尊而不失定意;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,他方國土諸菩薩眾聞我名字,壽終之後生尊貴家;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,他方國土諸菩薩眾聞我名字,歡喜踊躍,修菩薩行,具足德本;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,他方國土諸菩薩眾聞我名字,皆悉逮得普等三昧,住是三昧至于成佛,常見無量不可思議一切如來;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,國中菩薩隨其志願,所欲聞法自然得聞;若不爾者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,他方國土諸菩薩眾聞我名字,不即得至不退轉者,不取正覺。 設我得佛,他方國土諸菩薩眾聞我名字,不即得至第一、第二、第三法忍,於諸佛法不能即得不退轉者,不取正覺。
Vows 41–48: All bodhisattvas from other lands who hear Amitabha's name will be physically complete until they attain Buddhahood; they will attain the samadhi of pure liberation and be able to supply offerings to countless Buddhas without losing concentration; they will be reborn into noble families; they will rejoice and accumulate roots of virtue; they will attain the universally equal samadhi and perpetually behold all Tathagatas; they will hear whatever Dharma they wish; they will immediately reach the stage of non-retrogression; and they will attain the first, second, and third patient acceptances (dharma-tolerances) and be irreversible in the path to Buddhahood.
Source
- Tradition
- Mahayana Pure Land — the longer Sukhavativyuha Sutra, doctrinal foundation for the Pure Land school; Dharmakara Bodhisattva's 48 Vows are its central teaching.
- Source
- Sanskrit Larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra; Chinese canonical: Taisho Tripitaka T. 360. This page presents the 48 Vows (四十八願) excerpt.
- Translation
- Chinese canonical text attributed to Saṅghavarman (康僧鎧), traditional attribution c. 252 CE; modern scholarship has raised questions about this attribution, with some researchers suggesting Buddhabhadra and Baoyun as possible translators. Cihang presents the canonical text as received in the Chinese tradition, without endorsing any particular attribution. The 48 Vows text reproduced from the CBETA-accessible Taisho edition (T. 360).
- Note
- Excerpt: the 48 Vows only. This sutra is very long; only its central passage is presented here.
- Last reviewed